Friday, 8 April 2016

Sunrise Over Brise

As we left the terminal, the bear growled and dug deep into grinding gears. Maybe a middle ranking retired serviceman. It made me feel sorry for the engine; an old man, too tired of  the kerosene of whisky to dwell on his sorrows; too familiar of bleating with unrelenting humiliation; of being paraded out over the runway, flaws painfully exposed. Bleating, panting, growling, with open- throated groans, we slid out into the Beyond.


After hours of being penned in, the Beyond was a sensory climax on a par with visual cocaine. Leaving the terminal, as the cocoon of the departure lounge receded from view, we entered open space. The tarmac was smooth and strewn across the runway were the grey carcasses of military aircraft, like so many stranded cetaceans, waiting. It was dark, but small lights twinkled in all varieties of colours, to make their little corner or crevice visible. The image struck me that we were in a deep dark ocean and each twinkle was a shrimp or a fry, signaling in defiance at the vast looming predators, too lumbering to react.

The mist was a moist, enveloping amnion and made the smoothness of the fuselages and their angular wings glisten in contrast. Moving along so smoothly amidst the giant alien world was eerie, yet serene when viewed from the fish tank of the transport. Another impression was of being in an ancient oversized Jurassic forest, passing through the wizened trunks and bones of formerly spectacular creatures now fallen silent and on display in a neglected museum. The jazz of angles offered by the planes, their hard shapes, the bare anatomy of the engines, wings and fins, opposed the gentle curves of their bodies. This gave them a delphine appearance, and as we passed close to them, they emerged ominously from the unconscious swamp of mist, unyielding and without compromise.

Our ride: Airbus Voyager A330

Traversing the runway in this manner was no easy enterprise, and the sheer scale of the environment seemed to make time dilate in an aching awkward manner, as though the delay between thought and action had become uncomfortably stretched like plasticine or dough in the hands of some capricious superior being. Confining oneself to inner consoling thoughts whilst moving slowly through the blackness still felt strangely inadequate because the outer world was constantly changing, albeit slowly. We approached one plane, gliding serenely by, but rather too slowly to be fully engaging in its own right, and yet thinking of what the in- flight meal or movie might be seemed facile in the face of the grandeur of the moment. A kind of duality of experience emerged from this circumstance, whereby to exist in the moment was all that was possible. I had experienced such a distortion of scale as this before, whilst walking as a young man in the granite of the Snowdonian mountains. It was like being swallowed up by the enormity of the world.

Ascension Island

The sensory dilation became even more acute when we alighted and stood underneath the plane. Being with a disabled passenger, I was in an unusually privileged situation of entering the plane from the rear by an ambilift. Entering the vehicle, the doors shut & lit only by a dim bulb we waited silently like cattle. The slow ascent only intensified our sense of claustrophobia. When we reached the top, the roller door howled open to reveal a shockingly intimate view of the fuselage from height. The grey seal skin of the plane looked improbably thin I thought to be cruising at 48,000 ft. From that altitude, the earth itself would curve and bow; oil tankers in the tranquil ocean below would appear like minute specs. Clouds would form spirals hundreds of miles across, concealing tempests below like the foulest of moods.

Weather- wise, it's such a cuckoo day!

Returning to Brise after our holiday, exhausted and empty, we again encountered fog. Descending through the bleary clouds of dawn, the Oxfordshire countryside rose up to greet us; now winter sticks and thicket stems, greens, browns and grays lying in blankets of stubborn hibernation. Obscured like a veiled bride, vulnerable and alluring, only furtive glimpses of land were allowed. The fog was an opaque amorphous sea which glowed in morning overtures to greet the eyes of the faithful. And yet down we plunged, into the winter, profusion and mystery. Maybe the fog had been there since we flew out, lurking in a time warp to the unwary.  Entering the turbulence of the boundary layer, we descended into a glow- light world where the sun’s light became a surreal and distant pewter disc. Touching down in the engine roar and looming haughtily above the tarmac, the mist offered vignettes of the familiar grey hulks passing by each window. Each a frozen cinematograph image, until we were again at home amongst out lost pod of whales. 

North Utsire

365 Mutton Curry


Being gluten and dairy free, visiting the Falklands was always going to be a bit of a challenge for my beleaguered gut. The only places we could get food were small- town shops in Stanley, and the NAAFI shop on the airbase, and I wasn’t even allowed to shop there being an ordinary mortal. It stands for Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes, in case you were wondering (I was, but nobody could tell me whilst I was there).

Stanley was an hour away over tricky rugged roads. I could hardly believe the poverty of vegetables on sale in Stanley. In one of the larger shops, there were vegetables, but they were obscenely priced and in small quantities. As an example, I saw half a pepper in a foam/ cellophane wrapper (more wrapper than pepper) and it cost £4. Incredible! One thing I liked about the cost of goods in Falkland was the price of Chilean red. Of course, Chile is quite closeby, and there are several flights per week there. You can get a nice bottle of Malbec for £3.20. Even more incredible!

Some more interesting facts about Falkland: (i) There are no cash points, and only one bank; (ii) There is no McDonalds, no Tesco, no Starbucks – in fact no chain shops or restaurants of any kind; (iii) There are only seven pubs in Stanley, but you’ll struggle to get a pint in any of them. Beer is mostly sold by bottle.

Thankfully the solution to the food problem came in the form of potatoes, eggs and large amounts of lamb. There are about 167 sheep per head of population in Falkland, so it is quite plentiful. In fact, its called “365” by the locals because it is eaten on most days of the year. And unlike more choosy consumers, there are no hang ups about eating mutton as opposed to lamb. Hence my curry is called “365 Mutton”.



Some of the farmsteads have meat hooks outside the main building, which look a bit grizzly. But with so many sheep around it makes sense not to cull and freeze them (costing energy when you are off grid). Hungry? Just nip outside for a fresh one! No wonder there are no McDonalds in Falkland. Who would bother to travel all the way to Stanley for a gob full of goop when you can have the pure grass fed home grown version. I do rather wish we could get fresh Falkland burgers back in the UK. Meat hook included.


So, making the most out of lamb and potatoes, and with no curry spices available, I embarked on the following recipe.

1 Kg of Mutton, diced
1 heaped tsp salt
1 large knob butter
1 onion, chopped
1 clove garlic, chopped

Fry off the mutton in the butter/ salt/ garlic & onion until it browns. Seeds of most varieties would be a great addition: cumin, fennel, mustard, fenugreek etc. Sadly, I didn’t have any but celery powder in the All Purpose Seasoning made up for this a bit.

1 Tin Coconut Milk
1 Tbsp All Purpose Seasoning
1 tsp brown sugar
1 medium glass Chilean Malbec
1 Tbsp White Wine Vinegar

The coconut milk is a real boon if you can get it. Add to the frying mixture and bring down to a simmer. Add in the other ingredients mixing thoroughly.
1 red pepper, sliced
Any other vegetables you can find provided they don’t overpower the recipe
(Mushrooms would be good)

.. or half of a red pepper if you’re paying through the nose for it. Add to the mixture. Now simmer on low heat for minimum 1 hour, and preferably 90 minutes.
2 large, peeled & cubed potatoes.
1 Tbsp oil
Salt to taste
Pinch of black pepper

Mix the oil, potatoes, salt & pepper and put them on a roasting tray, 200oC for 40-50 minutes, turning towards the end of the roasting.
Serve together as illustrated.

Serves 2-3 people.

North Utsire

Ecology & Wildlife of the Falkland Islands

Here are my main two offerings from my visit to the Falklands. First, a photographic wildlife video to the evocative Scottish smallpipes of Iain McInnes, hopefully giving you a feel for its Caledonian landscape and heritage. Secondly, an 87 page Powerpoint presentation I have put together for A level Biology or Environmental Science students. The powerpoint has been converted into a Youtube movie, with apologies if you can't read every slide. Just email me if you'd like a powerpoint copy. I must have a moan about the quality and rendering of these videos, despite my best efforts to preserve their sharpness. It seems Windows Movie Maker cant deal with preserving quality in an image, so I recommend you squint your eyes together & pretend everything looks better than the video conveys. I've included some photos below so you can compare the quality output.
[Note March 2023: YouTube have removed the videos]. 

















North Utsire

Hello from the Falklands

This is an extract from my diary in the first few days of getting off the plane:



Hello to me, from me. Its really good to get outside myself & get a different perspective on things. For a start, its sunny here being austral summer (solstice), so we have long days which stand in stark contrast to the Tupperware gloom from which I came all those hours ago. It seems like another world. And there’s plenty of FRESH AIR here and the water tastes PURE, as its unflouridated. The Falklands reminds me of how the UK used to be before it became overpopulated & over ran with namby pamby EU bollocks legislation & plastic retail parks. There’s no gaudy ‘street furniture’ or ‘warning signs’ here, except to avoid the minefields, and even then you get the feeling its more of a polite courtesy rather than a keep- off- the- grass admonishment. Wanna blow yourself up? Fine! Liberty rules. But you can afford to do that with a population of 2500 and a playground the size of Scotland at your disposal.




The vast majority of the population are cosseted in small tin huts in Stanley. A small minority live in what they call ‘camp’ from the Spanish for field. So the population density is something like you would see in Iceland. Stanley is quaint and lazy, with vibrantly painted roofs, small vegetable cultivation in polytunnels, and an array of scuttled shipwrecks lying in the natural harbour which is Port Stanley.

Lady Elizabeth, an iron barque, Whalebone Cove 1875-1913

The Plym, an iron tugboat, 1903-1930's

There are no trees here (too windy & exposed) so wooden structures are virtually absent apart from the occasional piece of reclaimed wood from a shipwreck, or deliberately imported timber. Stanley has the occasional introduced tree, but plantations are out of the question, even in hollows or mountainsides. Even Christ church at Stanley, arguably the showpiece building on the island, has four giant whale bones arranged in a dome- shape, rather than forming any arch of wood. This leaves a kind of bare or raw sensation to a Celtic heart, like something vital is missing in the landscape, like a parent gone off to war, or a lover who has upped and left suddenly.




Above are photos I took of the shipwreck of the St Mary at Whale Point. Wrecked on an offshore reef in 1890 on her maiden voyage while carrying a cargo of coal, whiskey, iron pipe, boxes of tacks, and toy trains from New York to San Francisco, what remains of her today lies on the beach easily accessible at low tide. A large section of the St Mary was removed by the Maine State Museum, Augusta in 1978 and taken back to America where it is now displayed. Beautiful pens and bowls made locally from the wood of the St Mary can be purchased in the Historic Dockyard Museum in Stanley. It is without doubt the most evocative shipwreck I have ever seen. You can walk the boards and clamber freely around this natural museum.

Summer on Falkland is short lived. There are no bees, flies are few. Ironically this Caledonian clime has few midges like mother Scotland. Kicking a football in the garden, feeling the breeze, pollen of Antarctic hawkbit gets stuck between the toes in my sandals. Garden of golden yellow hawkbit heads rise to greet me in the Sun.



The sun is fierce here, in the thin ozone of the South Pole. And the weather fronts are capricious and bold. No English bowler, taking three days to run up to a delivery. Winds and rain are rapid and lash in straight from the sea, but then quickly disappear and sublimate into sunshine, beating down radiation. And the winds! Rugged, excoriating in sandpaper swirls, they impart a ruddy and vigorous complexion which lasts a day at the most. Then there are the indolent days of mist & blanket cloud where the mountains speak! Bearded in their fog & mystery, they keep their wisdom selfishly like a wizard dwelling in dark mines or caves.



Yesterday we drove to Cape Dolphin, which was an epic trek over endless pot holes and scree- ridden slopes to be rewarded by a bog- swamp off road experience to rival an African safari expedition. There we saw sea lions in an impressive breeding colony, and a host of Patagonian coastal heath species which I photographed avidly until I ran out of battery power. I have become quite an amateur naturalist whilst out here, having read through the following tomes:

The Falkland Islands & Their Natural History- Ian J Strange
Wildlife of The Falkland Islands & South Georgia (signed copy) by the same author
Plants of The Falkland Islands- Ali Liddle (Falklands Conservation).

Ian J Strange: Doyenne of Falklands Wildlife Writing

I have also swam with Commerson’s dolphins! And come eye to eye with broody Gentoo penguins with their chicks. The whole experience has far exceeded my hopes. I always thought wildlife photography was for other more fortunate people, but this experience has really given me sense of fulfillment which stretched right back to my Ecology degree days. I am inspired to carry on this experience and make more use of my conservation/ natural history knowledge. I feel an awakening of my deep love for nature once more after a long period of being landlocked in an urban area. I should use the momentum of this moment to do something more positive with it.



The only frustration I have encountered here is a lack of opportunity in capturing and representing the landscape with my camera. It is bleak, but far from featureless. It would challenge me to portray it and take some time to compose good shots, ideally at sunrise/ sunset. But I am effectively confined to barracks! Large parts of the Falklands are owned either by the crown, or private landlords, or are under the control of the military. Getting permission to gallivant around is not easy. In addition to that, you need a 4x4 and to have done at least one days advanced off- road driving skills training. I am lucky insofar as when we do get out, my sister has got access to nature spots which others just can’t get, owing to her high up RAF connections & familiarity with the locals. As we drove to a far away & concealed penguin colony the other day, we drove by squaddies on foot, no doubt making the most of their day off, but with a hopelessly long trek ahead of them just to get to the coast. With a car, permission to explore, and a set of gate keys, we sailed on by. For my landscape project, I would have been content driving around the ring road which circumnavigates the island. In fact, the circular road is the only road on the island; ironically called the M25 by the locals. We drove for over 90 minutes in one direction and didn’t see a single vehicle or living soul. Except the sheep.



Note: I didn't manage to get on West Falkland at all throughout my stay. Separated by approximately 10 miles of  the Falkland Sound, it presents austere vertical cliffs to any visitor, with only a few relenting coves or channels. It is virtually uninhabited with no roads. I almost got to go to Carcass Island by helicopter which is an island at the NW point of West Falkland, but alas there were strong winds that day & safety had to take precedence.

Many Welsh and Scottish settlers came to Falkland in 1833. They were given incentives to do so, and start sheep farming enterprises. It was thought given the rugged and exposed nature of their home countries, they would be well adapted to the similar environment of the Falklands. Apart from being wonderfully romantic, this strikes me as a bit Lamarkian or Haeckelian. Was it assumed life in the highlands had somehow imparted a genetic proclivity for life in the Falklands? I can’t see that happening in this age of positive discrimination, but it is Falkland and as mentioned it does have an old school feel down here. Yes, like a people could be adapted to live here, like a breed of sheep or cattle. That there is an exact match in nature; an archetype. A spiritual home. 

North Utsire

Falklands Bumper Month

Hello and welcome to this month’s bumper edition of Falkland Island blogs. I have suspended normal service in order to dedicate April to this one topic, obscure though it may seem. It comes to something when I feel the need to explain my departure from the everyday soup of Bohemian obscura by writing about something as ‘ordinary’ as the Falkland islands, but in Dec 2015/ January 2016 this year I had the unique and privileged opportunity to visit those strange islands courtesy of the RAF. It was an unusual and wonderful time, one which I shall probably never have the occasion to experience again, so I thought I’d make the most of it and do some wildlife photography, writing, and a study of the Ecology of the Falkland Islands for my work in teaching Biology. So this blog is the ideal repository for such ramblings.

Ak-ak. Argentinians at war, 1982. 

If you are anything like me, probably every time you hear about the Falklands your mind goes back to 1982, the war with Argentina, and the political expediencies of the miserable Thatcher government, which used the conflict to fuel nationalistic fervour for the approaching general election. I think the perception on the left is that Thatcher planted a flag in the ground for political advantage regardless of the fact that Falkland is a bleak windswept rock miles from anywhere, and Argentina was an easy military target. I think also most lefty people also think the Argentinian’s had a good point about the Malvinas belonging to them given its location, and any responsible thinking modern state would enter into negotiations in order to head off a conflict, thus saving lives, money, and resources. Reasonable points. From my visit there, I found out a few extra titbits of information which may relate to that narrative.

Port San Carlos, not far from Goose Green. 
Landing place of British Forces, code named "Green Beach"
Ironically, the port is named after the 1768 Spanish expedition ship. 

1. The first evidence of human settlement on Falkland is likely to have been Fuegian Indians making their way across the Magellan straights. Early European settlers occasionally discovered canoes discarded in coves and beaches which match the style and design of Yaghan Indians of Chile. It is hypothesised that, being nomadic canoe people, they were blown off course in the Magellan straights canoeing between the islands, but I like to think their journeys were the result of adventure, risking everything for the promise of new horizons. Another convincing evidence that the Yaghans were first on the scene comes in the form of the Warrah, a now extinct wolf- fox resembling the Culpeo (South American Fox or jackal) which was known to travel in Yaghan canoes with their masters. The Warrah was still alive and stalking the shores of Falkland up to the time the European settlers arrived, but quickly became extinct. So if anyone has a historic claim to the Falkland islands it’s the Chileans.

Warrah (extinct,left). Culpeo (South American Fox or jackal, right) 

Yaghan Indians in various initiation costumes

Yaghan canoe, 1898

2. The Falklands remained uninhabited until the 1764 establishment of Port Louis on East Falkland by French captain Louis Antoine de Bougainville, and the 1766 foundation of Port Egmont on Saunders Island by British captain John MacBride. Whether or not the settlements were aware of each other's existence is debated by historians. Both the British and Spanish settlements coexisted in the archipelago until 1774, when Britain's new economic and strategic considerations led it to voluntarily withdraw from the islands, leaving a plaque claiming the Falklands for King George III. Buenos Aires attempted to retain influence over the settlement by installing a garrison, but a mutiny in 1832 was followed the next year by the arrival of British forces who reasserted Britain's rule. My own impression is that none of this dog’s breakfast of settlement, mutiny, abandonment and leaving of plaques is any basis on which to assert sovereignty over an island, let alone go to war over it 200 years later.

3. From 1966 until 1968, the UK confidentially discussed with Argentina the transfer of the Falklands, assuming its judgment would be accepted by the islanders. An agreement on trade ties between the archipelago and the mainland was reached in 1971 and, consequently, Argentina even built a temporary airfield at Stanley in 1972. Nonetheless, Falklander dissent, as expressed by their strong lobby in the UK Parliament, and tensions between the UK and Argentina effectively limited sovereignty negotiations until 1977. It is worth noting that not all the Falklanders are enamoured with the current relationship with the British military despite the liberation of the islands in 1982. Tensions revolve around land and business disputes, as well as local- squaddie squabbles (Falklanders are insultingly called Bennies after the character Benny from Crossroads; an uncultivated rural character).

This history brings into question the conventional wisdom that (i) the Argentinians invaded without any territorial or legitimate claim, (ii) all of the Falklanders feel ‘liberated’ by the actions of the British government and are living happily ever after. Having said that, the Falkland islands had a sovereignty referendum in 2013 where they chose by a majority of 99.8% to remain an autonomous British territory. But with Argentina eyeing you from across the water, perhaps staying in the pocket of the imperialist Big Brother you know is a necessary evil. 

To this day, minefields and military debris litter the Falklands

Of course, whatever exegecies the situation demanded, the history of the conflict has left the British military with a significant geographic asset, with oil, farming and fishing potential, and a major strategic & communications post in the Southern Atlantic. I suppose that was the piffling unintended consequence of the Tory party winning the 1983 general election.

Belgrano sinking. 323 people died, mainly young sea cadets.
The Argentine ship was sailing away from the conflict zone.


North Utsire